Mental activity and behavior of a science. The term psychology comes from the Greek, definition the science of the soul. Until the early 19th century, German philosopher, teacher Herbart was the first time that psychology is a science.
Overview
psychology has many branches, in appending to general psychology, there are physiological psychology, cognitive psychology, theoretical psychology, experimental psychology, comparative psychology, safety psychology
social psychology, educational psychology, developmental psychology, medical psychology. Each branch from a different point of view to study the psychological phenomenon. But anyone one branch inevitably involves psychological and physiological phenomena of the absolute views, such as objects and methods of psychology, psychological behalf, and the regularity of such psychological phenomena. General theory of these psychological problems described, constitute the general psychology is an important area of research that studies the basic principles of psychology. Results of their research to other branches of psychology, of magnificent significance. In Greek, the psyche is also the averaging of gas or breathing, because ancient people believed that life depends on breathing, respiratory arrest, life is over. With the development of science, psychology, the object of the soul to soul. Scientific psychology to describe not only the psychological phenomenon, more importantly, a description of mental phenomena, to reveal its occurrence and development of the law.
psychologists engaged in basic research objective of the study is to describe, explain, foresee and control behavior. Applied psychologists have a fifth objective - to improve the quality of human life. These goals form the foundation of psychology.
describes what happened: The first task of psychology is the accurate reconnaissance of behavior. Psychologists call this general observation of their data. Whether the observed narrow or wide-focus, psychologists are working hard to objectively describe the behavior. According to nature of the facts to collect them, preferably than the researchers anticipated or hoped it looks favor, this is the most important. And each spectator can send their subjective point of view - preferences, prejudices and expectations - into the observation,
parents to understand the psychology
prevent these personal ingredients entering into the file and distortions they are very important.
unravel what happened: in many areas of research in psychology, the chief goal is to detect the behavior and mental processes of conventional prototype. Psychologists wish that behavior is how it works. Why abrupt locations when you smile? What circumstances would cause a person to venture suicide or perpetrate crimes? Psychological interpretation of behavior generally adopted by a crowd of the combined achieve of several factors, including body variables, environment variables, etc. Behavior of these factors shock on the study, can explain the behavior occurs.
predict will happen: the psychology of forecast is a specific behavior will occur and the potentiality of a particular relationship will be found the potentiality of a statement. A particular form of behavior lurking in the accurate reasons explained beneath, often permit researchers to make exactly hereafter behavior predictions. For example, we can predict a timid person is queried to talk to strangers when you feel uncomfortable.
control what happens: For many psychologists, the control is the essence of the maximum inspiring goals. Control manner the casualty or non-occurrence of behavior - cause it, preserve it, stop it, and influence its form, intensity, or occurrence. If the cause for the interpretation of an act to establish conditions to control behavior, then this explanation is convincing. The competence to control behavior is important for it provides a psychology to aid people improve their quality of life means, such as psychological treatment.
study of psychology is the product of biological nervous activity, mainly from the psychological origins of comparative psychology (the study of the category level of neurological and psychological development), developmental psychology (psychology during the development of the human individual) two aspects. Animals have nervous system is the psychological origin of the material basis and the necessary conditions.
Psychology is the study of human action and mental activity patterns of science. Psychology is the premier stage of the philosophy of science areas, science and psychology students based on saliva by the University of Leipzig in 1879 marked the establishment of Institute of Psychology, empirical research usages of this penalty to chance a turning point in science. The subsequent hundred annuals, psychology discussions and a extremely amplified martial art, exercise system is beyond enhanced.
psychology in the social sciences or natural sciences, is the angle and position, because it itself has two features.
psychological origin, especially human high-level mental processes such as thinking, language, emotion, will, the generation of high-level psychological characteristics surprised, and the neural foundation of human society is the process of the product, so we can not simply biological point of view to study this proposal.
causes
the historical roots of psychology, psychology's historical roots, reflecting the characteristics of long-term physical development of the product. Have reflected the nature of the material properties, in the role will be made by external reflection. As the nature and characteristics of the material reflects the evolution and the evolution of material, more material in the advanced stage, which reflects the more complex the more advanced functions. Advanced stage of the reflection properties of the material from the lower stages of the materials reflect the characteristics of long historical evolution generated. In the current grab of the human world, reflecting the characteristics of the material through the emulating stages: non-living physical state reflects the (physical, chemical, mechanical), lower creatures (including factories) to stimulate the sense of, the feeling of higher animals , perception and performance, the human imagination (embodying the memory), and thinking.
psychological phenomenon is the long-term evolution of the material world, derived phenomenon is reflected in the material for an advanced form of external stimulation, is highly mobilized material after the performance. Psychological characteristics of the production is rooted in the material reflects the high level of development. Psychological phenomenon is designed to stimulate and produce the material should reflect the phenomenon. Reflect the characteristics of stimulation was apparent only in its existence, no stimulation, reflecting the characteristics will prevaricate low, not shown. Psychology has so general. Only when stimulated, will show the psychological phenomenon, showing the psychological existence. Without stimulation, psychological disappear. Mental stimulation is produced on the basis, existence and development.
produce signs
psychology signs: feeling
the plausible level, the psychological phenomenon include feeling, perception, image,panic attacks treatment, memory, thinking, imagination, emotion and will, etc. There must be the core of the phenomenon, a psychological phenomenon, there will be psychology. In all psychological phenomena that one is the first generation but the most basic psychological phenomenon, but a reasonable market for development of other psychological phenomena is obviously feeling. Only feeling can only generate the earliest development of other psychological phenomena, is a sign of psychological birth. This can be from 3 to reasoning:
1, feeling is the foundation of all other mental phenomena, not all feel there is no other psychological phenomena. Feeling born, and other psychological phenomenon in the sense developed on the basis, the feeling is the source of all other psychological phenomena and the Feeling that other psychological phenomena building
2, individual psychology that: newborn babies only unconditional reflex, only a simple feeling, and perception and representation, and so has as yet developed, but we can not renounce that the infant would not psychological. So that we actually recognized in the subconscious of the babe only has a psychological feeling! With the birth of the psychological feeling of the birth, once there will have a psychological sense. Just a feeling, it marks the birth of psychology, all other psychological phenomena are to feel the With the baby's development, its psychological gradually developed, more complex psychological phenomenon.
3, animal evolutionary history also shows that the feeling is a sign of psychology and the Feeling is generated at what time, that feeling is in the evolutionary history of animals in that animals began to appear. History of animal evolution. In the beginning there is the psychological phenomenon of animal coelenterate. Coelenterate nervous system with mesh to a easy feeling to react to outside stimuli, coelenterate the lowest level with the most easy psychological phenomenon, that has psychological, psychology who was born in the coelenterate, later with the animals evolution and development, psychological development is gradually, rich, gradually appeared in perception, image, imagination and thinking, and so on. Evolutionary history of animal psychology evolutionary history of appendixes, and with the evolution and the evolution of animal. Psychology is only a feeling from the animal with the biological evolution and adult, based on the psychological sense as in biological evolution and the many and complex, there has been perception, picture and imagination, and so on, until the emergence of consciousness and thinking and other high-level mental phenomena. The mechanism
psychology mechanisms: alterations in nerve cell membrane potential psychological
generated from a unattached point of view, the first incentive in the nerve cells is caused by psychological , this is how a single incentive caused by psychological? Existence of nerve cell membrane polarization, gathered inside the cell membrane negate dictate, affirmative dictate collection outside the cell membrane, the membrane is equivalent to the existence of a panel on both sides of the membrane inside the equivalent of the negative panel, positive panel is equivalent to the outer membrane, This is equivalent to the existence of a membrane electric field, is not subject to any incentive in the cell membrane, the membrane on both sides there are relatively stationary and asleep potential, once the membrane by a certain intensity of stimulation, resting potential becomes action potential, membrane both sides of the charged molecules combined anew to form a membrane membrane gathered gathered outside the positive charge and negative charge of the electric field, when the stimulus disappears, the cell membrane has been accommodated, they were not stimulated to return to the state, gathered at this time membrane gathered outside the membrane negative charge positive charge, so that both sides of the membrane cordless field changes direction twice happened that the electric field has suffered major changes, changes in the electric field produces a fascinating field, then the formation of the electromagnetic field, which is equivalent to the electromagnetic shock. The outcome of this change at the cell membrane and stimulate the retrieval of the original state, so the stimulation of the cells to exert all the energy conveyed. The energy is how to pass it? This stimulation caused the cell membrane potential changes on the cell membrane, resulting in a excitement caused by the stimulation is not near to the membrane potential also changed, to form a fashionable excitement, the specific process is: the electric field and excitement of contiguous is not excitement potential inconsistency between the electric field, charged particles will migrate so close to the Ministry of excitement is not excitement, change the direction of electric field, where the potential from the resting potential into action potentials, resulting in a positively charged membrane collect gathered outside the membrane negatively charged field, and is not excited when the electric field in the inverse direction, the original excitement of the energy transmit to the Department of the Ministry is not excited, so excited are not excited Division, conduct a attractive impact, resulting in the electromagnetic field. Similarly, the excitement of this fashionable division in turn down an electromagnetic field is not excited about the Department of Communication, the mechanism is that the stream of charged particles across the membrane, but, if we contrast the distant distance that has been excited over the excitement, then it is found that the exchange of 2 particles has not been the same only 2 have seasoned a continuous electric field changes, and produce the electromagnetic field, which is actually caused by electromagnetic field stimulation on the membrane of the spread. Nerve cell membrane to stimulate the processing phenomenon is caused by psychological phenomena (electromagnetic field through the muscle cells to nerve traction rendition of body changes, so we can analyze the changes in posture to presume psychological changes). Psychology is the electromagnetic field, electromagnetic field within the nervous system is the orderly expansion of mental activity and discipline.
electromagnetic field of human senses can not perceive instantly, see, touch or smell, which is caused by the limitations of human senses, and mental stimulation can produce only, therefore the impression that the mysterious touch test, psychological understanding is laborious to grasp the male is not startling, whatever, the psychological stimulation as a product of people, in human life, occupies an exceedingly important position, played a very broad role, deserving to human his stupidity, his great role and can not control, but mankind must make a logical psychological explanation of the phenomenon, it took him a mystery, produced a variety of speculations. Plants and lower animals without nervous systems, electromagnetic fields generated by cell membranes in the cell membrane can not achieve long-distance communication and more targeted communication can not be achieved, the membrane in stimulated electromagnetic fields generated by only a small area close to the proliferation of electromagnetic fields can not be achieved orderly spread, therefore the electromagnetic field is not psychological. Only the orientation of conduction in the nervous system and constraints, the electromagnetic fields generated in the film is psychological. Left the nervous system, psychological and there will not produce. In short the essence of mental stimulation of the nervous system in the formation of an orderly change in the electromagnetic field.
objective reasons
psychology objective tool: the nervous system, psychology is not peerless to the human brain. For example: decapitated planarians can regenerate; frogs and toads are still conditioned reflex removal of the thinking hemispheres; still instinctively pigeon to remove the brain of non-conditioned reflex, can still hike and fly. In the deficiency of the brain, these animals still showed a psychological phenomenon, so the brain is not a essential condition for the existence of psychology.
animal evolutionary history show that: the evolution of the coelenterate animal psychology is generated while, at this time the animals had the most primitive nervous system ---- mesh nervous system. In the fetter of evolution, ahead the advent of the nervous system is not psychological phenomena, both mental and nervous system is generated. Then became more intricate as the nervous system, also elected up the pace of the psychological phenomenon enriched. Appearance as a psychological 1, their operations are increasingly complex. No matter what stage of the animal, or whether out of all of its nervous system damage, psychological will fade. And whether the abuse a certain part of the nervous system, its jump to a number of abnormal psychology. Mental stimulation is, is caused along electrical impulses to motivate the nervous system in the spread of results of biological currents in the nervous system caused at the scatter arising from, is stimulating in the cell layer caused by current conduction in the nervous system caused by of. Is the role of the nervous system to stimulate the afterward generation. Therefore, the psychology of the nervous system is a tool.
General Psychology General Psychology (GENERALPSYCHOLOGY) the basic principles of psychology and psychological phenomena the general laws of psychology branch.
in general psychology, psychology, basic principles and general laws of mental phenomena are two important aspects of the study. The basic principles of psychology there are two types: one is the psychological benefit of the core issues involving the relationship between psychological and objective reality, psychological and brain and practice of psychological and social psychological relationship between mental activity and the level of organization, the phenomenon of psychological category, such as a variety of psychological phenomena linkages. These two studies are linked, periodically referred to as methodological problems of psychology. Different views on these issues showed a different proclivity of psychological theory. In the history of modern psychology, there have been many important psychological ideas, such as the construction of the early function of psychology and behavioral psychology, psychology, psychoanalysis, Gestalt psychology, and the Pavlovian doctrine, etc., their psychology the basic principles of different discussion, all of the development of psychology has had a major impact. The basic principles of psychology, general psychology, research and a certain philosophy closely linked, but also depends on the specific study of psychological development, and often affected by adjoining disciplines. The development is inseparable from the basic principles of psychology, research, and with the accumulation of materials science and psychology, some of the basic principles of psychology will also change.
psychology, history shows namely only under the guidance of Marxist ideology in the full personalty of the specific research psychology, psychology research apt the basic principles in the right instruction. In general psychology, the learn of the general laws of cerebral phenomena constantly divided into several areas: ① emotion and prescience; ② learning and memory; ③ thinking and discourse; ④ sentiment and ambition, ⑤ personality and individual psychological characteristics. These areas contain people mental movement is very essential aspect. Many psychologists trust that a normal adult general psychology as the study of mental activity. Normal adults to actively partake in social life, a diversity of ingenious activities. Overall, the mental activity to fulfill normal adult psychological evolution of the advanced class, reflecting the specifics of human mental activity, typical. However, the general study of human psychology is not an old or a human in a particular area of social life, the psychological phenomenon of special laws, but the general laws of mental phenomena, such as the sensitivity of the measurements and a diversity of sensory knowledge mechanisms, learning and memory in the fashion and process, analytic of various actions, speech knowledge and comprehending, and capacity measurement, personality building. These studies the results acquired with a definite prevalent significance, to a certain extent, can be applied to people of different ages and different areas of activity. It can be said, effectively through the general psychology of the psychological activity of customary adult studies to reveal the general laws of mental phenomena. In the psychological phenomenon of the general laws of research, psychology, general psychology and other branches are closely integrated with each other, particularly with the closely interlocked to tentative psychology. General Psychology summarizes the discoveries of other bough of psychology, with a comprehensive ecology. With the evolution of technological research in the general field of psychology has appeared in many branches of psychology, such for sensory psychology, perception psychology, memory, psychology, psychology of thinking and affective psychology, personality psychology. They likewise integrated with nature, reflecting the general psychology and other branches of psychology, interaction and joint penetration. In many branches of psychology, general psychology occupies a special position. It from a broader theoretical point of outlook to study the psychological phenomenon, is the psychology of basic research aboard the development of psychology melodramas an important character in psychological well reflect the development class and trend.
medical psychology medical psychology is the study of mental activity and pathological processes affecting the psychology of how each branch, it is in psychology and medicine combined with each other, the subject of coupler research process formed and developed interdisciplinary. Including rationale, practical applying of technical and objective experimental studies and so on. Medical psychology and medical psychology, the characteristics of both, study and determine its human health or illness, and two in the process of mutual transformation of all psychological problems. Its mission is to psychological knowledge and methods accustom in medical practice, medical field to browse and solve problems in a variety of psychological and practical issues through the study of medical psychology to promote fundamental research.
medical medical psychology is an important portion of the rationale, the theory for medical research, clinical train, health concern, human resources exercising and development of the cause, recommending that the idea and body are closely narrated point of view, to provide rational treatment and health measures. History of medical psychology can be traced to the antique understanding of the dialectical relationship among idea and body. In antique Chinese medicine and philosophy, talk, contains many such as In the Qin and Han on the cause of the ancient Chinese medical classical In ancient Greece, Plato, Aristotle, Hippocrates, who's proses, there are a lot of mental tension and physical and psychological interaction between treatment and doctor-patient relationship and other issues discussed.
psychological research
1852, the German medic, philosopher Lotze wrote a history of . Lotze Fechner inherited and developed the same motifs about psychosomatic, focuses on health, disease and the In 1887, Wundt in his Later, Wundt's students cartels and Wei Temo their doctrine into the United States, and make fast development. Wei Temo at the University of Pennsylvania in 1896 established the first so the treatment of Since then there have been many in the globe, the development of medical psychology important impact on the representative of the school, such as Sechenov, Freud, Pavlov, Wolf, Cannon, Ze Lie, etc. . Since the mid-20th century, with the penetration of message theory to various disciplines and the development of behavioral science, psychology, medical research has been amplifying, increasingly shows strong vitality.
modern medicine emphasizes a whole psychology to understand and main the human health and disease issues, advocating the human body as the natural and social entities of the unity of existence, physical action and mental activity is a alignment of unity. Human psychology and behavior are relative to an individual's genetic quality, growth and development of outside inspire, pedagogy and training is inseparable from private experience is a process of interaction and team interaction. Therefore, we must from the main interaction with the environment in understanding human health and disease, arrange treatment and health measures, clear all the disease process both in time and space to show the psychological and physiological processes during the interaction.
psychology from a medical point of view, a healthy person's mental and physical activities in the external environment to maintain a harmonious and unified; variety of mental activity and coordination should be maintained between coping behavior, balance; their personality traits in All acts must be competent to behave appropriately and consistent. In medical practice, medical psychology emphasizes the role of psychological and physiological point of view to each other, learn from modern scientific research to guide and improve the diagnosis, treatment, care, obstruction, health and other sectors, to guide and improve medical education, health care management.
study of medical psychology is quite broad. It involves the whole process of individual growth, the formation of new life from birth, to wed the children's early development and youth training and youth education and behavior of physical and mental guidance to all ages from physical and mental health until old age of leisure longevity and so on. It also involves the mutual transformation of health and disease process from the etiology, diagnosis,e juice, treatment and care to rehabilitation, preventive care, counseling, and so on.
factors
medical psychology focuses on the psychological factors cause physical disease intermediation; brain damage, endocrine disorders caused by psychological or physical disorders and psychological diagnostic mutation thinking; personality features in the risk of a variety of diseases and the role of the rehabilitation process; psychotherapy and efficacy lever given reasonable preparations; all ages on the mental health improvement and discussion; psychological care and counseling implementation; medical psychology and other disciplines, coordination and cooperation . With the psychological knowledge and techniques used in various branches of medicine absence to expand, gradually formed a number of medical psychology branch, for example, the converge for the mental aspects have abnormal psychology; for the clinical neurology neuropsychology; use in preventive medicine with health psychology; for the care of a nursing psychology; and the latest development for the pediatric pediatric psychology.
medical psychology in clinical psychology is the development of the earliest, the largest number of practitioners of a branch. Some people see it as synonymous with medical psychology. It studies the diagnosis, treatment, care and prevention of various medical procedures such as psychological problems, and mental disorders or psychosomatic diseases in patients with psychological counseling and behavior modification therapy. In some countries, the scope of work and clinical psychology practitioners are constantly expanding, not only including medical elements, mental health hearts, child guidance agencies, and is deep into the schools, factories, vocational training sector and the residents of the community and other non-medical fields . On the history of China-related psychosomatic, psychosomatic health and other rich intellectual heritage for medical psychology provided the ideological basis for the development. 1920s, scientific psychology came to China, in 1922 founded the first psychology daily published in abnormal psychology aspects of the discussion; 1936 established the Chinese Association for Mental Health, prepared by the organization for medical psychology paperbacks. After the founding of new China, the practice in the treatment of neurosis, carried out in fast-based, integrated psychotherapy treatment, to obtain significant results.
psychosomatic medicine psychosomatic medicine scientific system established in the 1930s. Has 60 years of history. The term psychosomatic medicine psychiatrists Heng Luosi Germany in 1818 to discuss the prim mall. 1935 American psychiatrist, one of the pioneers of psychosomatic medicine Deng Bo (Dunber) be adopted, and in 1939 published his leading to
psychosomatic medicine research areas: (not finite to certain apparatuses and systems of the disease itself, does not refer only to diseases to technicians) it is the tendency of the disease, susceptibility, causes of disease, prediction , premorbid physical and psychological characteristics of the precursor, and mental-related laws. (In conception, the study has broad, narrow two points of view, even now there are premonitory differences) from the psychosomatic psychosomatic medicine related to the basic position, examine the human health and disease problems, to try to make . The theoretical basis of
clinical psychology, clinical psychology, are areas of applied psychology, applied psychology is the psychology in the most vital components, including engineering psychology, educational psychology, clinical psychology management science and organizational psychology in 4 areas. To give a more precise clinical definition of psychology, we must first study and its main task to make a correct estimate. Mental information to make sure the basis of real people suffering from mental illness accounts for only a very small number, about 7 thousandths or ten-thousandth all but. Mental Health study based on data to decide, without any psychological problems and mental disorders, only a few. Most people is not in any psychological problems from the transition district to mental illness. Assuming normal delivery of people's mental health, mental illness is the object of work of psychiatry, mental psychology without a very healthy correction. So, in the transition zone in all the different levels of psychological problems and mental disorders who is the object of work in clinical psychology.
clinical psychology from the early or new nature of the work it does is help with behavioral disorders and mental illness for the intention of rehabilitation as presently as possible. Therefore, it was normal that clinical psychology is the use of psychological knowledge to help rehabilitation of patients applied sciences. However, clinical psychology's mission is not restricted to this, it often helps normal people, people with psychological learning to ease the psychological oppression to address people's psychological problems, and exercise people to develop nice symbol, to achieve the most effective level and has a nice ability to adjust to a extra normal activities in the spirit of creativity. In synopsis, we have the meaning of clinical psychology can be summarized It’s about time: Clinical psychology is the use of psychological knowledge and principles to help patients correct their mental and behavioral disorders through psychological counseling and training of able-bodied people, in array to mainly adapt to the surroundings and extra creative.
study of eccentric psychology eccentric psychology or the patient's pathological behavior of therapeutic psychology branch. Also known as pathological psychology, it uses psychological principles and methods of psychological or pathological behavior of abnormal declarations, reasons and mechanisms of development of the law, the methods of identification and appraisal of treatment and preventive measures. Abnormal psychology manifested in many forms. By psychological processes or symptoms can be divided into sensory dysfunction, sensory disorders, consideration disorders, memory impairment,ovarian cysts symptoms, thought disorder, emotional muddle, will disorder, behaviour disorder, disturbance of consciousness, mental retardation, personality disorders. According to the clinical manifestations or omens of mental cancer can be divided into neuropathy disorders, psychotic disorders, personality disorders, drug and alcohol dependency, sexual deviancy, psychological and physiological disorders, correction disorders, children's behavioral disorders, mental retardation and so on.
appraise whether abnormal psychological phenomenon, it generally takes from three aspects of study: ① from the statistical aspects of study. Normal curve in the two extreme groups of individuals are abnormal. ② from the personal life history study. Often the individual current mental activity to be compared with the quondam, if different from the mediocre to see a change. ③ study from the state of social adaptation. Social adjustment according to the individual defect level analysis of whether they are abnormal. In addition, in assessing whether the abnormal mental phenomena, can not be ignored other aspects of social and cultural background reference information. The correction of abnormal psychology, psychological treatment and can be divided into two major categories of physical treatment. Psychological treatment such as verbal and non-verbal psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, proposal therapy, behavior therapy. Physical therapy including psychotropic pill, physical therapy, psycho-physical therapy and surgical treatment. In addition, a number of integrated therapies can achieve significant results. Prevention of abnormal psychology is an important publish. Because the causes abnormal psychology is very complex, aspects which need to take comprehensive precautionary measures can be effective. Abnormal psychology is the study of patients with abnormal psychological or pathological behavior of the branch of medical psychology, also known as pathological psychology. It uses psychological principles and methods of psychological or pathological behavior of abnormal manifestations, causes and mechanisms of development of the law, the methods of identification and assessment of treatment and preventive measures.
Developmental psychology developmental psychology (DEVELOPMENTALPSYCHOLOGY), the occurrence of psychological research, development process and the laws of psychology branch.
one. Developmental psychology of meaning:
one, or more broadly, including psychology, animal psychology, ethnic psychology, psychology of individual development.
two, taper sense refers to the individual developmental psychology, the study of aging a person from birth to the psychological phenomenon of all time, according to age can be divided into baby psychology, young psychology, adult psychology, mental age science and other branches.
the development of psychological strains from animals to humans, especially in the way of hominid evolution and the occurrence of psychological development. This reflects the mental fashion is only after the animals began to produce, especially the brain and nervous system it is linked. Study the occurrence and development of animal psychology animal psychology, or are more. The scope of psychology, zoology and biology of special note (such as animal science) intersect. And development of animal psychology of the psychological development of human history before history. Animal psychology from the lower animals up to the apes psychology is how it happened, but also how to adapt to the natural case-by from the lower forms (by irritating) to the higher forms (the seeds of thought) development. Study of human psychological development and progression of the dry original scope of human psychology, and anthropology intersect. It is mainly of hominids, from ape to human civilization, psychology, consciousness and development. Psychological development of human psychological readiness from animals up, and it established contact with animal psychology, there are essentially different. Human psychology, consciousness is the work of human progenitors had, in the language of participation gradually formed and developed. Therefore, the psychological, not only can adapt to the reality of consciousness, and can change reality. Phylogenetic study of psychological development, mainly in C. Darwin's evolutionary ideas, driven to develop. Darwin's And W. Wundt's
individual psychological development of the human individual from birth to maturity to the occurrence of the aging process and mental development. Whether a person is born when the psychological? His psychology is how it happened? At all ages (kid, youth, adult, aged) in the development and change and how is it? It is based on what the law of development and change? These developments in human life and development that has what meaning? ... ... All these are individual psychological studies show that the problem must be clarified. In the study of individual psychological development, infancy (including adolescence and early 6) psychological development is studied more parts, this part of the main factors of child psychology. German physiologist and experimental psychologists, W. T. Pryor's Since then, child psychology research and monographs proceed to emerge, so that individual development psychology, child psychology to become a core part of the most important. In recent years, especially in the United States from the West about human individual from birth to aging the psychological development of the plenary period of development research and writing increasingly, they phone life-span development psychology, includes child psychology, psychological adolescents and youth mental outside , including adult mental, psychological age. In general, psychological development from cheap to lofty, from a simple complex; but the specific process of development can be discerned, which also includes the corridor of certain factors and new factors appear. Such as the grasping reflex in newborn infants born will slowly cut down, which is gainful to the baby's hand movements. Children's development of thinking is routinely carried out to practice through a process from some necessary part of the original will be simplified and omitted, while improving the general thinking. The development of motor capabilities is alike, the more action in order to gradually decrease the formation of effective skills. General perception of people to thinking ability in antique age will be a recession, but certain aspects, such as crystalline comprehension will be improved, but in decease there is a general decline fair before the fall. In short, the psychological development is the growth and decline of these two opposites of unity, the resulting psychological and other quantitative and qualitative variations. Growth in infancy to dominate adult is in a relatively settled trend, the decline in old age are alive in advantage.
two. The basic nature of the psychological development
1, direction and order of
2, imbalance
three, universality and variety
4, the process of growth and decline of the dialectical unity
5, the continuity of the development process and the unity of
three stages. Developmental psychology research tasks
1, reveals the psychological development of all ages the basic characteristics of
2, to illuminate the process of development of various mental functions and characteristics of
3, of psychological development of the interior mechanism
4, the basic principles of psychological development
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